“BUCKEYE  CRAY 

SANDSTONE 


FILE  FOR  FUTURE  REFERENCE 

ADDITIONS  WILL  BE  MAILED  FROM  TIME  TO  TIME  WHICH  CAN  BE 
ATTACHED  TO  THE  INSIDE  BACK  COVER 


CITIZENS  BUILDING 


CLEVELAND 


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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/buckeyegraysandsOOohio 


BUCKEYE  GRAY 

SANDSTONE 


COPYRIGHT  1 921 


The  Ohio  Quarries  Company 

Citizens  Building  CLEVELAND 


BUCKEYE  QUARRY  IS  ONE  OF  THE  LARGEST  QUARRIES  IN  THE  WORLD.  OVER  1.600  FT.  IN  LENGTH.  400  FT.  IN  WIDTH. 

STONE  HAS  BEEN  TAKEN  OUT  TO  A DEPTH  OF  212  FEET. 


FOREWORD 


(WR  object  in  issuing  these 
pages  is  not  only  to  acquaint 
the  architect  with  the  relative 
merits  of  “ Buckeye  Gray  ’ ’ Stone 
and  briefly  state  a few  sugges- 
tions which  will  insure  good  stone 
work , but  to  explain  and  simplify 
its  use. 


The  ©hi®  Quaikikiis  ©©mpahy 


CITIZENS  BUILDING 


CLEVELAND,  O. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


“Buckeye  Gray”  Stone  Composition,  etc. 

STRUCTURE 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  is  what  is  geologically  known  as  a silicious  sandstone, 
analyzing  approximately  95%  pure  silica,  and  should  not  be  confused  with  other  classifications 
ol  sandstone,  the  cementing  qualities  of  which  are  carbonate  of  lime,  iron  oxide  or  clayey 
matter.  It  is  the  presence  of  a large  percentage  of  silica  in  the  rock  which  gives  it  wonderful 
enduring  qualities. 


COLOR  AND  TEXTURE 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  is  of  a distinctive  shade  of  rich  light  gray,  with  natural 
variations  in  tone. 

If  desired,  stone  can  be  selected  of  an  almost  uniform  shade. 

It  is  of  a fine  and  even  texture,  and  does  not  contain  flint  streaks,  holes,  glass  seams 
or  other  such  imperfections. 


STRENGTH 

“Buckeye  Gray’’  Sandstone  has  withstood  a crushing  strength  of  10,000  pounds  per 
square  inch,  the  average  crushing  strength  being  approximately  7,500  pounds  per  square  inch. 

If  this  stone  was  piled  as  high  as  the  Washington  Monument  (555  ft.  5 in.),  there  would 
be  a pressure  at  the  bottom  of  but  579  pounds  per  square  inch. 


FIRE  RESISTANCE 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  is  the  most  perfect  stone  on  the  market  in  this  respect. 
The  mere  statement  of  fact  that  thousands  of  tons  of  it  is  used  annually  by  steel  companies 
for  lining  their  furnaces  to  protect  them  from  the  intense  heat  verifies  this  assertion. 


DURABILITY 

The  excellent  appearance  of  the  stonework  in  many  old  buildings  in  the  City  of 
Cleveland  and  vicinity  having  been  subjected  for  a period  of  over  65  years  to  adverse  cli- 
matic conditions  and  severe  atmospheric  tests  without  a sign  of  disintegration  appearing,  illus- 
trates the  fact  that  nature  has  endowed  “Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  with  wonderful  element 
resisting  qualities.  The  original  tool  marks  of  the  stonecutters’  tools  are  as  clean  cut  and 
sound  today  as  when  the  stone  was  first  set  in  the  wall.  Many  old  buildings  having  outlived 
their  usefulness  have  been  torn  down,  the  stone  moved  to  a new  location,  recut  and  used  a 
second  time,  which  is  another  proof  that  the  stone  is  durable  beyond  question. 

The  severest  test  that  can  be  applied  to  stone  to  determine  its  durability  is  where 
it  is  used  for  street  curbing,  as  it  is  constantly  subjected  to  the  moisture  from  the  soil  and 
pavement,  and  to  soil  acids,  and  during  the  winter  months  to  a continuous  freezing  and 
thawing  process. 


THE  OHIO  OUARRIES  COM  RAN} 


CLEVELAND 


Curbing  made  of  this  material  has  been  in  place  over  45  years  on  certain  heavy  traffic 
streets  in  the  City  of  Cleveland,  during  which  time  the  road  surface  has  been  renewed  three 
times,  but  the  original  curbing  is  still  in  place,  unaffected  by  the  elements  working  against  it. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  has  never  been  known  to  scale  or  disintegrate. 

WEIGHT 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  weighs  approximately  150  pounds  per  cubic  foot  when 
cut  ready  to  set. 


Explanations  and  Suggestions 

The  intention  of  the  following  clauses  and  notes  is  to  act  as  a reminder  and  reference 
when  writing  specifications  for  “Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  and  to  call  attention  to  certain 
methods  and  materials  that  will  insure  a good  job  of  stonework. 

It  is  hoped  that  they  will  be  of  some  service  to  the  architect,  even  though  additions, 
omissions  and  changes  have  to  be  made  to  meet  the  requirements  of  each  individual  job. 

The  business  of  The  Ohio  Quarries  Company  is  to  furnish  “Buckeye  Gray”  Sand- 
stone to  the  cut  stone  contractors  in  its  unfinished  state.  The  cut  stone  contractor  cuts  and 
finishes  the  stone  ready  to  set  in  the  wall  and  delivers  it  f.  o.  b.  cars  destination  or  at  the  build- 
ing site,  as  agreed  upon  between  the  contractor  and  sub-contractor.  It  is  customary  for  the 
mason  or  general  contractor  to  haul  and  set  the  stone,  but  usually  the  cut  stone  contractor 
will  furnish  a bid  for  the  stone  set  in  the  wall,  if  the  architect  deems  it  practical  or  advisable 
to  take  such  a bid. 

With  respect  to  the  arrangement  and  form  of  these  clauses:  While  they  might  appear 
as  an  attempt  to  imitate  the  specification  writer’s  work,  it  was  thought  that  the  scheme 
used  is  the  most  convenient,  as  it  possesses  the  advantage  of  taking  up  separately  each  part 
of  the  work,  making  it  easy  to  refer  to  and  quickly  find  the  information  on  any  particular 
item,  which  would  not  be  the  case  if  the  whole  subject  was  covered  in  one  long  text. 

These  clauses  are  written  as  if  addressed  by  the  architect  to  the  contractor  having  a 
direct  contract  with  the  owner. 

Note — To  obtain  low  and  uniform  estimates , avoid  uncertainties.  A reliable 
contractor  cannot  afford  to  take  chances  on  the  amount  of  labor  and  material 
he  will  be  required  to  furnish.  When  the  drawings  and  specifications  do  not 
give  definite  information,  he  will  usually  figure  safely,  as  each  job  is  expected 
to  give  a fair  profit  and  be  a credit  to  him. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


Reference  Clauses 

for 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Stonework 

SCOPE  OF  THE  WORK 

The  contractor  shall  include  under  this  heading  all  labor,  material,  super- 
vision, etc.,  necessary  for  the  proper  and  prompt  execution  of  all  stonework. 

The  stonework  and  all  other  work  and  material  mentioned  herein  shall  he 
furnished  and  set  complete  in  accordance  with  the  specifications,  drawings  and 
detail  drawings. 

Note — With  this  clause  included , it  will  not  be  necessary  to  repeatedly  use 
the  words  “ Furnish  and  Set." 

The  following  drawings  shall  form  a part  of  this  contract: 


T itle  of  Drawing  Sheet  No. 

First  Floor  Plan,  ff"  scale  drawings 101 

Second  Floor  Plan 102 

North  Elevation 110 

East  Elevation 1 1 1 

Section  A- A 114 

Scale  Details 
Full  Size  Details 


Note — Lower  estimates  will  usually  be  submitted  when  detail  drawings  are 
furnished  for  estimating , as  the  shape  of  the  moulding  affects  the  cost  more 
than  a small  variation  in  size.  When  it  is  desired  to  keep  the  price  low , 
avoid  undercut  mouldings,  except  drips,  and  those  which  contain  many  mem- 
bers. All  moulded  returns  under  12  inches  in  length  must  be  cut  by  hand. 

Temporary  Work — The  contractor  shall  furnish  at  his  own  cost  and  risk,  all 
derricks,  hoisting  machinery,  power,  tools,  apparatus,  scaffolding  and  temporary 
work,  and  materials  necessary  for  the  prosecution  of  this  contract. 

Work  Omitted  -The  following  work  and  material  will  be  furnished  (by  other 
parties)  (under  another  heading)  (will  be  done  at  a later  date)  and  shall  not  be 
included  in  this  (part  of  the)  contract.  Wood  centers  for  arches  will  be  furnished 
by  the  carpenter  contractor. 

Note — If  any  work  has  been  provided  for  under  another  heading  or  trade, 
such  as  wood  boxing,  for  protection,  centers,  anchors,  etc.,  or  if  any  stonework 
or  carving  shown  on  the  drawings  is  to  be  omitted,  it  is  advisable  to  list  same 
under  “ Work  Omitted,"  although  it  is  recommended  that  such  items  as  pro- 
tection and  anchors  be  included  under  stonework.  This  contractor  is  then 
free  to  make  such  arrangements  as  will  be  most  desirable  for  delivery  of  anchors 
and  protection  of  his  work  and  will  be  in  a position  to  control  these  items. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVER  AN D 


EXTRA  STOCK 

During  the  progress  of  the  work,  the  contractor  shall  keep  on  hand 
cu.  ft.  of  stone  in  large  blocks  suitable  to  cut  duplicate  stones  for  replacement 
of  damaged  material. 

Note — This  clause  may  be  omitted  for  jobs  which  are  located  so  that  stone 
will  be  received  within  72  hours  after  it  is  shipped  from  the  mill. 

SETTING  DRAWINGS 

Hie  contractor  shall  make  complete  setting  drawings  and  furnish  all  neces- 
sary copies  of  same  to  the  architect,  and  as  required  to  carry  out  the  work. 

The  contractor  shall  make  any  revisions  or  changes  as  may  be  ordered  by 
the  architect,  which  are  within  the  scope  of  the  contract,  and  shall  not  allow  any 
stone  to  be  cut  until  he  obtains  the  architect’s  approval  of  the  drawings. 

The  architect’s  approval  of  shop  drawings,  however,  shall  cover  general 
design  and  arrangement  only,  and  shall  not  be  construed  as  a check  upon  the  same. 

These  drawings  shall  show  the  jointing,  bonding,  type,  size  and  number  of 
anchors  required,  size  of  all  stones  and  any  other  necessary  information. 

Stones  shown  at  finished  grade  line  shall  extend  at  least  two  inches  below 

same. 

MODELS 

Full  size  models  will  be  furnished  by  the  Owner  (by  the  Contractor)  for 
the  following  portions  of  the  work. 

List  of  Models: 

Note — It  is  always  desirable  to  give  a list  of  the  models  that  will  be  required , 
as  this  matter  might  be  overlooked  for  a time  and  the  mill  may  start  carving 
the  stone  before  they  are  notified  that  the  architect  wishes  the  zvork  done  in 
accordance  with  models. 

Models  are  sometimes  specified  to  be  furnished  by  the  contractor  as  part  of 
his  work , but  as  he  can  only  approximate  the  cost  on  account  of  changes  and 
other  items  involved , it  is  recommended  that  either  a “ Cash  Allowance ” be 
made  in  the  specifications  or  state  that  the  owner  will  pay  for  same  including 
shipping  charges.  The  “ General  Conditions' ’ of  most  specifications  provide 
for  “ Cash  Allowance" {See  also  the  "General  Conditions  of  the  Contract  pub- 
lished by  the  ‘ American  Institute  of  Architects' .”) 

For  monumental  work  it  is  often  required  that  full  size  models  of  certain 
portions  of  the  building  be  erected  on  the  site. 


STONE 

All  stone,  unless  otherwise  indicated  on  the  drawings,  shall  be  “Buckeye 
Gray”  Sandstone,  furnished  by  the  Ohio  Quarries  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  from 
their  “Buckeye  Quarry”  at  South  Amherst,  Ohio. 


THE  OHIO  OUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


The  stone  shall  be  well  seasoned,  of  an  even  texture,  free  from  holes,  cracks, 
mud  seams,  glass  seams,  flint  streaks  or  other  detects  impairing  its  strength  or 
durability  or  marring  its  appearance. 

Natural  variations  characteristic  of  the  material  will  be  acceptable. 

Note—  "Buckeye  Gray ” is  the  trade  name  of  the  finest  stone  taken  from  the 
quarry  and  is  furnished  in  one  grade  only.  It  is  taken  from  below  the  100 
ft.  level  in  the  quarry,  which  has  a total  depth  of  212  feet. 

The  stone  above  the  100  ft.  level  is  extensively  used  for  breakwaters,  electrical 
insulations,  grindstones,  railroad  ballast,  curbs,  flagging,  bridges,  blast  furnace 
lining  and  other  purposes  where  appearance  is  not  of  prime  importance. 


CUTTING 

Cutting  in  General — All  stones  shall  be  accurately  cut  in  accordance  with  full 
size  drawings  or  models.  All  profiles  shall  be  uniform,  with  continuous  unbroken 
lines. 

Flat  surfaces  shall  be  free  from  waves,  projections  or  depressions. 

All  stones  in  the  same  plain  shall  be  flush  at  the  joints. 

All  arrises  and  corners  shall  be  cut  sharp,  unless  otherwise  shown  on  drawings. 

Stones  shall  be  cut  square  and  true  so  that  the  joints  will  be  perfectly  hori- 
zontal and  vertical,  except  for  joints  otherwise  shown  on  the  drawings,  but  in  any 
case  stones  shall  accurately  flit. 

The  beds,  sides  and  tops  of  all  stones  shall  be  dressed  back  at  right  angles  to 
the  face. 

Stones  shall  be  cut  as  required  to  fit  around  structural  members  where  same 
are  shown  on  the  drawings. 

Note — It  is  important  that  the  Architect’s  drawings  show  which  stones  are 
to  be  cut  around  structural  members. 

Joints  shall  have  a uniform  width  of  of  an  inch. 

Note — The  structure  of  “ Buckeye  Gray"  Sandstone  is  fine  enough  to  make 
butt  joints  in  any  work  where  it  is  desirable,  such  as  paving  for  interiors. 
From  a practical  standpoint,  inch  joints  are  best  suited  to  stonework,  as 
the  work  can  be  laid  out  and  cut  quicker  with  less  chance  of  making  an  error  than 
if  thinner  joints  are  used.  For  these  reasons  stonework  with  inch  joints 
will  cost  a little  less  than  with  inch  joints. 

Lewis  Holes  shall  be  cut  in  all  stones  weighing  more  than  300  pounds. 

Anchor  Holes  shall  be  cut  for  all  anchors  and  the  stone  recessed  so  that  the  anchor 
will  set  flush  with  the  top  of  the  stone. 

Washes  shall  be  cut  on  the  top  of  all  cornices,  copings,  sills,  steps,  platforms  and 
other  projecting  stones  except  as  otherwise  shown. 

Raised  seats  shall  be  cut  on  all  such  stones  to  form  a level  bed  for  material 
that  is  to  be  built  upon  them. 


THE  OHIO  OUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


Note — The  stonework  will  usually  be  soiled  and  streaked  where  the  washes 
pitch  toward  the  face  of  the  stone.  It  is  therefore  recommended  that  copings 
pitch  toward  the  roof  and  that  the  water  be  drained  off  of  projecting  stones 
rather  than  allowing  it  to  run  over  the  face  of  same. 

No  loads  should  be  allowed  to  bear  on  the  projecting  portion  of  any  stone. 

Drips  shall  be  cut  on  the  under  side  of  all  projecting  stones. 

Note — Drips  are  very  important . Failure  to  provide  same  will  spoil  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  otherwise  perfect  job  of  stonework.  The  minimum  size  should 
be  X"  unde  by  x/f"  deep , but  it  would  be  better  to  make  them  larger  if  it  will 
not  interfere  with  the  design. 

Reglets  shall  be  cut  as  shown  on  the  drawings  for  flashing,  gutters,  etc. 

Projecting  Stones  shall  be  securely  anchored,  except  where  they  are  detailed  so 
that  at  least  60  per  cent  of  their  weight  will  come  inside  the  face  of  the  wall. 

Jambs  and  Heads  shall  be  cut  solid  the  full  depth  of  the  reveals  without  vertical 
joints,  unless  otherwise  shown  on  the  drawings. 

Returns  shall  be  accurately  cut  and  bonded  into  the  wall  in  alternate  courses.  No 
returns  or  other  stones  shall  be  mitered,  except  in  special  cases  where  so  shown  on 
drawings.  Moulded  returns  shall  be  cut  solid  with  no  joint  at  the  corner. 

Note — Where  cost  has  to  be  considered , it  is  well  to  remember  that  moulded 
returns  must  be  cut  by  hand. 

Corner  Stone  shall  be  cut  with  a pocket  to  receive  copper  box  which  will  be 
furnished  by  sheet  metal  contractor. 

Steps  and  Platforms  shall  have  not  less  than  four  inches  bearing  on  bridge  or 
cheek  walls.  Where  steps  have  no  nosing  the  edges  shall  be  slightly  rounded. 

Note — Steps  and  platforms  should  be  of  sufficient  thickness  to  safely  sustain 
any  load  that  they  may  reasonably  be  expected  to  carry. 

Cutting  and  Drilling  to  Receive  other  work  -Do  all  cutting  and  drilling,  shown 
on  the  plans  as  may  be  necessary  or  as  directed,  for  passage  or  setting  of  electric 
conduits,  pipes,  leaders,  railings,  metal  thresholds,  door  holders,  and  for  any  other 
material  which  is  to  be  set  or  built  in  by  other  parties. 

This  cutting  or  drilling  may  be  done  at  the  mill  or  at  the  building,  as  may  be 
most  convenient. 

This  contractor  shall  consult  with  the  other  contractors  and  shall  see  that 
the  cutting  and  drilling  is  properly  done  to  fit  and  receive  the  other  material. 

Finish — All  stones  shall  be  finished  smooth,  tree  from  tool  marks  or  other  imper- 
fections. 

Note — Any  finish  suitable  for  stone  can  be  cut  on  “Buckeye  Gray"  Sandstone . 
Smooth  finish  costs  the  least. 

Carving  -All  carving  shall  be  done  at  the  mill,  by  thoroughly  experienced 
workmen,  in  strict  accordance  with  the  drawings  (models)  and  directions  of  the 
Architect. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


SHIPPING 

Stones  shall  be  shipped  in  the  order  in  which  they  will  be  required  for  the 
general  progress  of  the  building  and  shall  be  carefully  loaded  in  the  cars,  packed 
in  excelsior,  which  shall  be  made  of  pine  wood  only,  and  covered  with  stone  dust. 

Note — Never  use  any  other  wood  than  Pine,  as  Oak,  Hemlock  and  numerous 
other  woods  will  stain  the  stone. 

DELIVERY 

Care  shall  be  taken  not  to  damage  the  stone  in  any  way  while  it  is  being  re- 
moved from  the  cars  and  carted  to  the  site.  Thoroughly  experienced  and  compe- 
tent men  only  shall  be  employed  for  this  work. 

Note — Stone  is  often  marred  and  sometimes  ruined  zvhile  being  unloaded 
and  carted.  It  is  therefore  important  to  have  men  that  are  familiar  with  this 
work. 

Where  rollers  are  used  to  move  the  stone,  they  shall  be  of  pine  wood  only 
and  shall  not  be  placed  under  finished  surfaces. 

INSPECTION 

The  contractor  shall  inspect  and  check  each  lot  of  stone  as  it  arrives  at  the 
site,  or  the  storage  space.  If  any  stones  are  damaged  or  missing,  he  shall  promptly 
order  new  stones.  The  contractor  shall  handle  all  stone  as  directed,  so  that  it  may 
be  inspected  by  the  architect.  During  working  hours,  the  architect  shall  have 
access  to  the  mill  where  stone  is  being  cut. 

Note — When  stone  is  to  be  carved  or  given  a special  finish,  it  is  recommended 
that  the  architect  visit  the  mill  where  samples  and  experiments  can  be  readily 
made  to  give  the  work  the  character  and  spirit  desired. 

STORAGE 

As  soon  as  the  stone  is  received,  it  shall  be  placed  on  platforms,  built  of  pine 
wood  only,  to  keep  it  at  least  six  inches  clear  of  the  ground.  Where  it  is  necessary 
to  pile  the  stone,  pine  plank  shall  be  placed  between  each  piece. 

Note — In  city  work  where  space  is  limited,  it  is  advisable  to  include  the 
following:  The  contractor  shall  store  the  stone  at  his  yard  or  other  convenient 
place  as  may  be  necessary,  so  that  it  can  be  promptly  delivered  to  the  site  as 
required. 

The  stone  shall  at  all  times  be  covered  and  protected  from  the  weather 
with  water-proof  canvas  or  water-proof  paper  securely  fastened  in  place. 

The  contractor  shall  handle  the  stone  in  such  a manner  as  not  to  interfere 
with  the  general  progress  of  the  building,  or  the  work  or  material  of  the  other  trades. 

Note — The  protection  of  the  stones  before  they  are  set  is  of  vital  import- 
ance, as  the  securing  of  a fine  job  of  stonework  depends  to  a large  degree 
on  the  manner  in  which  the  material  is  taken  care  of  before  it  is  set  in  place. 
If  the  stones  are  dropped  off  the  wagon  upon  the  earth,  and  workmen  allowed 
to  walk  over  them  with  muddy  shoes  or  eat  their  lunch  on  them,  dropping 
particles  of  food,  it  is  almost  certain  that  the  building  will  have  a spotty  and 


THE  OHIO  OUARRIES  COM  I\4  NY 


CL  E VE  L A N D 


unnatural  appearance,  which  no  amount  of  cleaning  will  entirely  remove, 
while  if  the  stones  are  clean  when  they  are  set,  they  will  gradually  weather 
and  any  variations  in  shade  will  be  a natural  blending  of  tones  caused  by 
rain,  wind  and  impurities  in  the  air. 

PROTECTION 

The  contractor  shall  protect  and  be  responsible  for  any  damage  to  his  work 
or  material,  from  the  date  of  the  agreement  until  the  final  payment  is  made  and 
shall  make  good,  without  cost  to  the  owner,  any  damage  or  loss  that  may  occur 
during  this  period. 

Each  day,  just  before  quitting,  the  contractor  shall  cover  the  top  of  all 
unfinished  walls  with  water-proof  canvas  tarpaulins  properly  secured  in  place. 

All  projections,  belt  courses,  columns,  sills,  door  and  window  jambs,  corners 
and  at  any  other  locations  where  the  stone  is  liable  to  injury  from  falling  timbers, 
masonry,  etc.,  shall  be  protected  by  substantial  clean  wood  boxing,  using  pine  only, 
securely  fastened  in  place  and  maintained  in  good  condition  until  ordered  removed. 

Steps  and  platforms  shall  be  protected  as  specified  above  and  if  practicable 
shall  not  be  used  while  the  building  is  under  construction. 

ANCHORS 

All  anchors  shall  be  of  heavy  galvanized  wrought  iron  of  the  size,  shape 
and  quantity  shown  or  called  for  on  the  architect’s  drawings  or  on  the  setting  draw- 
ings. 

Should  it  be  found  necessary  to  place  any  anchors  on  exposed  surfaces,  they 
shall  be  of  hard  brass. 

Note — Wrought  iron  anchors  should  always  be  galvanized,  otherwise  they 
will  rust  and  very  likely  stain  the  stone.  Painting  is  not  recommended. 

The  ashlar  shall  have  an  anchor  placed  in  the  top  of  every  other  stone  in 
each  second  course.  Where  the  stones  are  over  four  feet  long  there  shall  be  two 
anchors  in  every  other  stone  in  each  second  course. 

These  anchors  shall  turn  down  one  inch  into  the  stone  and  be  turned  up 
two  inches  on  the  other  end  into  the  brick  backing,  and  shall  not  be  less  than  1 g of 
an  inch  thick,  one  inch  wide  and  pass  over  two  thicknesses  of  brick. 

All  anchors  shall  be  in  accordance  with  the  local  building  laws. 

All  dowels,  clamps,  etc.,  shall  be  furnished  as  shown  on  the  drawings  or  as 
may  be  necessary  to  hold  the  stone  securely  in  place. 

Note — Before  specifying  anchors,  it  is  suggested  that  the  local  building  laws  be 
referred  to  and  copied  into  the  specifications  for  the  stone  mill  to  be  guided  by. 
Anchors  usually  have  to  be  worked  out  to  fit  each  condition  except  for  ashlar, 
the  requirements  for  which  are  usually  clearly  stated  in  the  building  laws 
and  it  is  important  that  they  be  specified,  as  they  form  a large  part  of  this 
branch  of  the  work.  The  clause  given  for  anchors  in  ashlar  may  be  considered 
safe,  except  for  very  large  surfaces.  With  the  exception  of  anchors  for  ashlar, 
the  architect  may  reasonably  leave  the  size,  shape  and  quantity  of  anchors 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


required  to  be  shown  on  the  cutting  drawings , as  in  any  case  these  drawings 
must  meet  with  his  approval.  When  ashlar  is  cut  in  alternate  thicknesses  of 
4 and  S inches,  no  anchors  will  be  required. 

WATER-PROOFING 

T he  top  and  bottom  joints  in  the  first  course  of  stone  at  the  grade  shall  be 
water-proofed  with  asphalt  felt  as  shown  on  the  detail  drawing. 

Note — See  detail  sheets  for  method  of  water-proofing  the  first  two  joints.  It 
is  important  that  these  joints  be  water-proofed,  otherwise  the  stones  will  be 
badly  stained  by  moisture  soaking  up  through  them. 

It  is  also  advisable  to  zvater-proof  the  first  course  of  stone  with  a colorless 
water-proofing  medium.  This  will  make  the  stone  impervious  and  easy  to 
clean. 

These  precautions  should  be  taken  even  where  a masonry  sidewalk  comes 
against  the  building. 

'The  back  of  parapet  walls  should  either  be  water-proofed  or  flashed  to  the  top, 
otherwise  the  rain  will  soak  through  the  backing  and  stain  the  stone.  See 
detail  sheets. 


MORTAR 

Storage  of  Cement  and  Lime — All  cement  and  lime  shall  be  protected  from  the 
weather  while  it  is  being  transported  to  the  site  and  shall  be  stored  in  a shed  that 
will  keep  it  as  free  as  possible  from  dampness.  No  cement  which  has  become  lumpy 
or  partly  set  shall  be  used. 

Mixing — All  materials  shall  be  accurately  measured  and  thoroughly  mixed  in 
clean  boxes,  or  mixing  machines.  Method  used  for  measuring  must  be  such  that  it 
will  meet  with  the  approval  of  the  architect.  No  mortar  shall  be  used  which  has 
become  set  or  partly  set. 

Note — Never  allow  the  material  to  be  mixed  on  the  ground  or  come  in  contact 
zvith  same,  as  the  mortar  should  always  be  kept  clean. 

Setting  Mortar  shall  be  composed  of  one  part  of  a standard  brand  of  Portland 
Cement,  three  parts  of  clean  sharp  sand,  free  from  loam  or  any  other  substance 
that  might  be  injurious  either  to  the  mortar  or  stone  and  one  tenth  part  of  hydrated 
lime. 

Note — Care  should  be  taken  to  see  that  the  water  used  is  free  from  iron,  salts 
or  other  chemical  elements  which  would  stain  the  stone. 

Pointing  Mortar  shall  be  composed  of  equal  parts  of  a standard  brand  of  white 
cement  and  fine  white  sand. 

SETTING 

Only  experienced  stone  setters  shall  be  employed  and  the  contractor  shall  also 
provide  stone  cutters  as  may  be  necessary  to  do  any  trimming  or  fitting,  etc.,  of 
stone,  to  overcome  inaccuracies  and  to  make  the  material  fit  and  conform  to  the 
conditions  at  the  building,  so  as  not  to  delay  the  work. 


TIIE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


Nott’ — Stonework  is  cut  and  set  by  reliable  stone  contractors , very  accurately , 
but  it  is  sometimes  found  advisable  to  make  adjustments  at  the  building  to  fit 
work  which  has  already  been  built. 

It  is  customary  to  build  the  stone  openings  before  the  frames  are  set. 

I ust  before  being  set,  each  stone  shall  be  brushed  clean,  with  fibre  brushes, 
and  drenched  with  clean  water,  except  that  during  freezing  weather  no  water  shall 
be  used. 

Salt  shall  not  be  used  for  thawing  out  lewis  or  anchor  holes  or  in  any  other 
portion  of  the  work. 

Note — Extreme  care  should  be  taken  when  stone  is  being  set  during  freezing 
weather.  No  safe  recommendations  can  be  made  to  meet  this  condition,  as 
the  success  of  the  work  will  almost  entirely  depend  upon  the  knowledge  and 
carefulness  of  the  workmen.  The  following  are  the  usual  precautions  taken: 

' The  sand  and  water  shall  be  heated  and  the  mortar  used  before  it  has  cooled. 
The  stone  and  brick  backing  shall  be  free  from  frost. 

No  work  shall  be  done  when  the  temperature  is  lower  than  20  degrees,  and 
then  only  on  a rising  temperature . 

No  work  shall  be  done  when  the  temperature  is  below  25  degrees  and  falling. 
In  no  case  shall  work  be  done  when  there  is  a probability  of  the  temperature 
being  colder  than  20  degrees  within  the  next  24  hours.  All  work  shall  be 
carefully  covered  with  straw  and  canvas. 

All  stones  shall  be  set  plumb  and  true  with  the  vertical  and  all  other  joints 
filled  with  mortar,  except  that  the  mortar  shall  be  kept  back  one  inch  from  the 
face  of  the  stone  where  it  is  to  be  pointed  with  cement  and  one  and  one  half  inches 
where  the  joints  are  to  be  caulked  with  oakum  and  lead.  Horizontal  joints  shall 
be  kept  level  and  vertical  joints  plumb  from  the  bottom  to  top  of  wall,  unless 
otherwise  shown  on  the  drawings.  The  stones  shall  be  properly  bedded  and  tapped 
in  place  with  a wooden  mallet. 

Ashlar  shall  not  be  carried  up  more  than  one  course  higher  than  the  backing, 
nor  shall  a stone  with  a wider  bed  than  the  one  directly  below  it  be  set  until  the 
backing  has  laid  up  level  with  the  top  of  the  lower  course.  Wood  wedges,  made 
of  pine,  may  be  used  to  separate  the  stones  and  they  shall  be  left  in  place  until  tbe 
building  is  cleaned. 

Built  in  Work — All  anchors  shall  be  accurately  set  and  adjusted  and  the  anchor 
holes  filled  with  mortar.  This  contractor  shall  consult  with  the  other  contractors 
in  regard  to  built  in  work  and  set  any  material,  such  as  window  cleaners’  bolts,  etc., 
as  may  be  specified  under  other  headings  or  trades. 

Setting  of  Corner  Stone— Furnish  the  proper  labor  and  rigging  necessary  for 
the  formal  setting  of  the  corner  stone.  Any  platforms,  railings,  etc.,  required  for 
this  ceremony,  will  be  otherwise  provided  tor. 

Sills — Mortar  shall  be  placed  under  the  ends  only  of  sills  and  the  rest  of  the  joint 
left  open  until  the  pointing  is  done,  when  it  shall  be  filled  solid  with  pointing  mortar. 


TIIE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


PAVING 

All  sidewalk  and  paving  indicated  on  the  drawings  shall  be  sawed  (split 
slabs  may  be  desired  to  obtain  certain  effects)  slabs  of  “Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone 
not  less  than  2 inches  thick. 

Note — For  a number  of  years “ Buckeye  Gray ” Sa?idsto?ie  has  been  successfully 
used  for  sidewalks  and  may  be  employed  to  advantage  for  paving  terraces, porch 
floors,  garden  walks,  etc.,  as  it  is  often  desired  to  have  the  paving  tie  in  and 
be  in  keeping  with  the  material  used  in  the  wall  of  the  building. 

Laid  on  Concrete — Where  the  paving  is  laid  on  concrete,  the  slabs  shall  be  bedded 
in  one  inch  ol  setting  mortar  and  the  joints  pointed  with  pointing  mortar. 
Setting  and  pointing  mortar  shall  be  as  specified  above  under  “Mortar.” 

Note — TheM inimumthickness should  be  two  inches.  Other  standard  thicknesses 
are  2}  £ inches.  3 inches  and  4 inches.  A 2 -inch  thick  stone  should  not  be 
over  feet  long.  2}  2 inch  not  over  feet',  3-inch  not  over 

feet',  4-inch  not  over  feet. 

Sidewalks — The  earth  shall  be  excavated  to  the  proper  depth,  so  that  the  flagging 
will  lay  flush  with  the  ground.  Thoroughly  tamp  the  earth  under  all  sidewalks 
and  lay  four  inches  of  clean  boiler  cinders  which  shall  be  wetted  and  tamped.  The 
stones  shall  be  squared  up  and  bedded  on  the  cinders. 

Note — Where  the  stone  is  laid  on  sandy  soil  or  loam  with  natural  drainage,  the 
cinders  may  be  omitted. 

If  it  is  desired  to  have  the  flagging  squared  at  the  mill,  it  should  be  mentioned 
in  the  specifications,  but  in  any  case  it  will  be  necessary  to  do  some  fitting  at 
the  site,  as  it  is  impractical  to  obtain  the  exact  length  of  the  sidewalk.  The 
width  oj  the  sidewalk  should  either  be  shown  on  the  drawings  or  specified  as 
well  as  the  length  of  the  walk. 

Stepping  Stones  shall  be  laid,  where  shown  on  the  drawings,  flush  with  the 
earth  on  a 1-inch  bed  of  sand  with  wide  joints  to  allow  for  future  planting  of  grass. 

DEFECTIVE  WORK 

No  patched,  cracked,  broken  or  other  defective  stones  shall  be  set,  unless 
the  contractor  obtains  the  architect’s  approval  in  each  case. 

It  any  stones  are  found  defective,  the  contractor  shall  furnish  new'  stones 
without  cost  to  the  owner. 

CLEANING 

After  all  the  work  is  otherwise  finished  and  when  there  is  no  possibility  of 
frost,  the  entire  work  shall  be  washed  with  clean  water  and  fibre  brushes  until  all 
dirt,  stains,  mortar  or  other  defacements  are  removed. 

Note — Under  no  circumstances  should  wire  brushes  or  acids  be  used; -in 
extreme  cases  clean  white  sand  may  be  mixed,  with  the  water  and  applied  with 
fibre  brushes  or  carborundum  may  be  used. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEF EL  AND 


POINTING 

All  joints,  except  as  otherwise  specified,  shall  be  raked  out,  brushed  clean 
and  soaked  with  clean  water,  after  which  they  shall  he  filled  with  pointing  mortar, 
as  specified  hereinbefore,  which  shall  be  thoroughly  packed  and  worked  into  the 
joints  and  finished  with  a pointing  tool,  as  directed  by  the  architect. 

Before  proceeding  with  the  work,  a sample  ot  the  pointing  shall  be  made 
and  the  architect’s  approval  obtained.  No  pointing  shall  be  done  when  there  is 
any  possibility  of  frost. 

Note — The  following  is  recommended  for  high  class  zvork.  The  joints  in  all 
steps  and  platforms  shall  be  raked  out  to  depth  of  1 1 ■?  inches  and  cleaned, 
and  then  chaulked  with  oakum,  leaving  a depth  of  % of  an  inch,  which  shall 
be  filled  with  molten  lead,  thoroughly  pounded  in,  to  completely  fill  the  joint 
and  finished  smooth  with  the  surface  of  the  stone. 

REMOVAL  OF  RUBBISH 

Upon  completion,  the  contractor  shall  remove  all  scaffolding,  surplus  ma- 
terial and  rubbish  from  the  premises. 


IMPORTANT 


When  designing  and  erecting  stonework,  never  neglect 
the  following  VERY  ESSENTIAL  items: 

(1)  Design  the  stonework,  as  far  as  practicable,  so  that 
the  rain  water  will  drain  off  and  not  run  over  the  face  of  the 
stone.  This  is  exceedingly  important  at  porticos,  porte- 
cocheres,  porches  and  other  such  features.  Provide  drips  on 
all  projecting  stones. 

(2)  Keep  the  stone  clean  until  it  is  set.  This  is  MOST 
important. 

(3)  Water-proof  the  first  course  at  grade,  both  top  and 
bottom  beds,  also  water-proof  the  back  of  parapet  walls. 

(4)  Good  setting.  Employ  experienced  stonesetters 

only. 

If  these  four  suggestions  are  strictly  carried  out,  the 
result  will  be  gratifying  to  the  architect,  owner  and  all  others 
interested. 


THE  OHIO  QUARRIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


Historical 

The  production  of  Standstone  in  a crude  way  from  the  Amherst,  Ohio,  District  dates 
prior  to  the  year  1855.  More  prominent  recognition  was  given  the  stone  as  a superior 
building  material  beginning  with  the  year  1865,  at  which  time  a few  large  structures  were 
built  of  it  in  the  City  ol  Cleveland,  some  of  which  are  standing  today — real  testimonials 
to  the  fact  that  the  stone  possesses  remarkable  enduring  qualities. 

The  market  for  the  stone  has  not  in  the  past  covered  as  wide  a field  as  might  have 
been  the  case  it  certain  conditions  detrimental  to  the  sandstone  industry  in  general  could 
have  been  overcome.  For  a great  many  years  the  business  was  held  in  check  by  the  non-use 
of  machinery  for  planing  and  turning.  However,  in  face  of  many  handicaps,  a considerable 
production  was  disposed  ot  annually,  due  largely  to  the  preference  of  a great  many  architects 
for  sandstone. 

From  the  time  the  quarries  were  first  opened,  until  the  year  1905,  the  stone  was 
marketed,  at  first  in  rough  blocks  and  later  in  sawed  slabs,  necessitating  a tremendous 
amount  of  hand  labor  to  finish  the  stone  ready  to  set  in  the  walk 

During  the  year  1905,  The  Ohio  Quarries  Company  began  experimenting  with 
mechanical  means  for  planing  moulds  and  turning  columns  and  balusters,  with  highly 
gratifying  results,  but  prior  to  this  practically  no  strides  had  been  taken  in  this  direction 
so  far  as  Amherst  Sandstone  was  concerned. 

A few  years  later  a cut  stone  plant  was  established  (the  first  in  the  district),  adja- 
cent to  our  quarries  and  mills,  by  the  Ohio  Cut  Stone  Company.  Within  a short  time  two 
more  cut  stone  plants  came  into  existence.  These  plants  are  modern  in  every  respect  and 
equipped  with  lathes,  planers,  carborundum  saws,  rubbing  beds,  air  compressors,  traveling 
cranes,  etc. 

The  successful  results  obtained  by  the  use  of  machinery,  and  the  establishing  of 
modern  cut  stone  plants  in  close  proximity  to  the  base  of  supply  enables  the  producers  to 
successfully  compete  in  price  with  other  building  stones. 


THE  OHIO  OU  HR  TIES  COMPANY 


CLEVELAND 


Suggested  Abbreviated 
Form  of  Specification 

All  stone  shall  be  “Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  furnished  by  the  Ohio  Quar- 
ries Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  from  their  Buckeye  Quarry  at  South  Amherst,  Ohio. 

SETTING  DRAWINGS 

The  contractor  shall  furnish  setting  drawings  showing  the  jointing,  bonding, 
type  size  and  number  of  anchors  required,  size  of  all  stones  and  any  other  necessary 
information.  Each  stone  to  be  numbered  to  agree  with  setting  plan. 

CUTTING 

All  stones  shall  be  accurately  cut  in  accordance  with  the  drawings. 

Joints  shall  have  a uniform  width  of  of  an  inch. 

All  stones  shall  be  finished  (smooth)  free  from  tool  marks  or  other  imper- 
fections. 

DELIVERY 

l'he  stone  shall  be  delivered  in  the  order  in  which  it  will  be  required  at  the 
building.  Idle  stone  shall  be  handled  only  by  thoroughly  experienced  workmen  and 
care  shall  be  taken  not  to  damage  same  while  unloading  from  the  cars  or  while 
carting  to  the  site. 

PROTECTION 

l he  stone  shall  be  placed  on  wood  platforms  built  of  pine,  and  covered  with 
water-proof  canvas  tarpaulins. 

Each  day  just  before  quitting  the  contractor  shall  cover  the  top  of  all  un- 
finished walls  with  water-proof  canvas  tarpaulins  properly  secured  in  place. 

All  projections,  columns,  jambs,  corners,  steps  and  platforms  shall  be  pro- 
tected by  clean  wood  boxing  built  ot  pine. 

ANCHORS 

All  anchors  shall  be  ot  heavy  galvanized  wrought  iron,  as  shown  on  the  arch- 
itect’s drawings  or  on  the  setting  drawings.  All  anchors  shall  be  in  accordance 
with  the  local  building  laws. 

WATER-PROOFING 

l he  top  and  bottom  joints  in  the  first  course  of  stone  at  the  grade  shall  be 
water-proofed  with  asphalt  felt,  as  shown  on  the  detail  drawing. 

SETTING 

All  stones  shall  be  accurately  set  by  thoroughly  experienced  stone  setters 
in  one  to  three  cement  mortar. 

l he  mortar  shall  be  kept  back  one  inch  from  the  face  of  the  stone  to  allow 
for  pointing.  Just  before  being  set,  each  stone  shall  be  brushed  clean  and  drenched 
with  clean  water. 

CLEANING 

After  the  work  is  otherwise  finished  and  when  there  is  no  possibility  of  frost, 
the  entire  work  shall  be  washed  with  clean  water  and  fibre  brushes  until  all  dirt, 
stains,  mortar  or  other  defacements  are  removed. 

POINTING 

All  joints  shall  be  raked  out,  brushed  clean  and  soaked  with  clean  water, 
after  which  they  shall  be  filled  solid  with  pointing  mortar  composed  of  one  part  of  white 
cement  and  one  part  of  fine  white  sand.  The  joints  shall  be  finished  with  a pointing 
tool  as  directed  by  the  architect.  No  pointing  shall  be  done  when  there  is  any 
possibility  of  frost. 


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THE  O S.  HUBBELL  PRINTING  CO. 
CLEVELAND 


BUCKEYE  G R AY 

SANDSTONE 

SUPPLEMENT 


(TTHESE  plates  are  to  be 
^ substituted  for  Plates  TV 1 
and  W 3 as  shown  in  our 
booklet  pertaining  to  econ- 
omic a!  and  practical 
questions  in  e on n e e t io n 
with  cur  stone . 


FILE  IN  BACK  OF  OUR 
“BUCKEYE  GRAY”  SANDSTONE  BOOKLET 
FOR  FUTURE  REFERENCE 


The  Ohio  Quarries  Company 


CITIZENS  BUILDING 


CLEVELAND 


*E>  u c k lye.  - Cray  Caadjtomr 
Che  ° Ohio  * Q uarri  lo  » Compahy « cllvela^d-ohi 


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Turmuh-ed  Jmootd|--  Or  Rock-FActD- 


Plate.- Wl- 


Specification  Writer 


Abbreviated  Form  of  Specification 


for 


u 


Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone 


All  stone  shall  he  “Buckeye  Gray’ ' Sandstone  furnished  by  the  ( )hio  Quarries 
Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  from  their  Buckeye  Ouarrv  at  South  Amherst,  Ohio. 

SETTING  DRAWINGS 

The  contractor  shall  furnish  setting  drawings  showing  the  joining,  bond- 
ing, tvpe  size  and  number  of  anchors  required,  size  of  all  stones  and  an\  other 
necessary  information.  Each  stone  to  he  numbered  to  agree  with  setting  plan. 

Gl  1 II  J All  stones  shall  be  accurately  cut  in  accordance  with  the  draw  ings. 

Joints  shall  have  a uniform  w idth  of  '{  of  an  inch. 

All  stones  shall  be  finished  (smooth)  free  from  tool  marks  or  other  imper- 
fections. 

DELIA  ERA  stone  shall  be  delivered  in  the  order  in  which  it  will  he  required  at 

the  building.  The  stone  shall  he  handled  only  by  thoroughly  experienced  work- 
men, and  care  shall  be  taken  not  to  damage  same  while  unloading  from  the  cars 
or  while  carting  to  the  site. 

PROTECTION 

The  stone  shall  be  placed  on  wood  platforms  built  of  pine,  and  covered  with 
w ater-proof  canvas  tarpaulins. 

Each  day  just  before  quitting,  the  contractor  shall  cover  the  top  of  all  un- 
finished wadis  with  water-proof  canvas  tarpaulins  properly  secured  in  place. 

All  projections,  columns,  jambs,  corners,  steps  and  platforms  shall  be  pro- 
tected by  clean  wood  boxing  built  of  pine. 

ANCH  RS  anchors  shall  he  of  heavy  galvanized  wrought  iron,  as  shown  on  the 

architect’s  draw  ings  or  on  the  setting  drawings.  All  anchors  shall  be  in  accord- 
ance with  the  local  building  laws. 

WATER-PROOFING 

The  top  and  bottom  joints  in  the  first  course  of  stone  at  the  grade  shall  he 
water-proofed  with  asphalt  felt,  as  shown  on  the  detail  drawing. 

SETTING  A11  , „ , , , . , , . 

All  stones  shall  he  accurately  set  by  thoroughly  experienced  stone  setters 

in  one  to  three  cement  mortar. 

The  mortar  shall  he  kept  hack  one  inch  from  the  face  of  the  stone  to  allow 
for  pointing.  Just  before  being  set,  each  stone  shall  be  brushed  clean  and 
drenched  with  clean  water. 

CLEANING  Ar 

After  the  work  is  otherwise  finished  and  when  there  is  no  possibility  of 
frost,  the  entire  work  shall  he  washed  with  clean  water  and  fibre  brushes  until  all 
dirt,  stains,  mortar  or  other  defacements  are  removed. 

POINTING 

All  joints  shall  be  raked  out,  brushed  clean  and  soaked  with  clean  w ater, 
after  which  they  shall  be  filled  solid  w ith  pointing  mortar  composed  of  one  part 
of  white  cement  and  one  part  of  fine  white  sand.  T he  joints  shall  he  finished 
with  a pointing  tool  as  directed  by  the  architect.  No  pointing  shall  he  done 
when  there  is  any  possibility  of  frost. 


Additional  copies,  also  detailed  specification  data, 
gladly  furnished  on  request. 


TrH!  Ohio  Quarries  Company 

CITIZENS  BUILDING  CLEVELAND,  O. 


PRODUCED  BY 


CITIZENS  BUILDING  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


Product. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  Sandstone  (sometimes  called 
Amherst  Sandstone)  for  exterior  and  interior  building 
construction. 

Trade-name. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  is  the  trade-name  of  the  finest 
stone  taken  from  the  quarry  and  is  furnished  in  one 
grade  only.  The  stone  specially  selected  for  building 
purposes  comes  from  below  the  100-tt.  level  in  the 
quarry,  which  has  a total  depth  of  212  ft.  The  stone 
above  this  point  is  utilized  for  curbing,  sidewalks,  grind- 
stones, bridges  and  other  purposes  where  appearance  is 
not  of  prime  importance. 

Supply  and  Facilities. 

In  connection  with  an  ample  quarrying  capacity, 
to  satisfy  the  requirements  of  any  undertaking  regard- 
less of  the  quantity  of  stone  involved,  we  operate  a 
modern  mill,  which  consists  of  24  gangs  of  saws,  a steel 
tramway  one-third  mile  in  length  equipped  with  5 elec- 
tric traveling  cranes  and  a railroad  embracing  4 miles 


of  standard  gage  track,  which  furnishes  a connection 
with  the  main  line  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 

A separate  organization  has  3 cut  stone  plants  in 
operation  adjacent  to  our  quarries,  devoted  exclusively 
to  supplying  the  trade  with  stone  cut  ready  to  set. 

1 hese  plants  are  each  completely  equipped  with  modern 
machinery  such  as  planers,  lathes,  air  compressors,  rub- 
bing beds,  circular  saws,  etc.,  and  are  in  a position  to 
make  attractive  figures  on  "Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone 
cut  ready  to  set. 

Color  and  Texture. 

“Buckeye  Gray  ’ sandstone  is  of  a distinctive  shade  > 
of  rich  light  gray,  with  natural  variations  in  tone.  If  ? 
desired  stone  can  be  selected  of  an  almost  uniform  i 
shade.  It  is  of  a fine  and  even  texture,  and  does  not 
contain  flint  streaks,  holes,  glass  seams  or  other  such 
imperfections. 


Structure. 

Buckeye  Gray’  sandstone  is  what  is  geologically 
known  as  a sihcious  sandstone,  analyzing  approxi- 


mately  95%  pure  silica,  and  should  not  be  confused 
with  other  classifications  of  sandstone,  the  cementing 
qualities  of  which  are  carbonate  of  lime,  iron  oxide  or 
clayey  matter.  It  is  the  presence  of  a large  percentage 
of  silica  in  the  rock  which  gives  it  wonderful  enduring 
qualities. 

Strength. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone  has  withstood  a crush- 
ing strength  of  10,000  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 

If  this  stone  was  piled  as  high  as  the  Washington 
Monument  (555  ft.  5 in.)  there  would  only  be  a pres- 
sure at  the  bottom  of  579  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 


C urbing  made  of  this  material  has  been  in  place 
over  45  years  on  certain  heavy  traffic  streets  in  the 
city  of  Cleveland,  during  which  time  the  road  surface 
has  been  renewed  three  times,  but  the  original  curbin'* 
is  still  in  place  and  unaffected  by  the  elements  workin 
against  it. 

Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone  litis  never  been  known 
to  scale  or  disintegrate. 


Weight. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone  weighs  approximately 
150  lbs.  per  cu.  ft.  when  cut  ready  to  set. 


Fire  Resistance. 

“Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone  is  the  most  perfect 
stone  on  the  market  in  this  respect.  The  mere  state- 
ment of  fact  that  thousands  of  tons  of  it  are  used  an- 
nually by  steel  companies  for  lining  their  furnaces  to 
protect  them  from  the  intense  heat,  amply  verifies  this 
i assertion. 


Durability. 

1 he  excellent  appearance  of  the  stonework  in  many 
I old  buildings  in  Cleveland  and  vicinity,  having  been 
subjected  for  a period  of  over  65  years  to  adverse  cli- 
niatic  conditions  and  severe  atmospheric  tests  without  a 
! sign  of  disintegration  appearing,  illustrates  the  fact  that 
nature  has  endowed  “Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone  with 
wonderful  element  resisting  qualities.  The  original  tool 
marks  of  the  stonecutters'  tools  are  as  clean  cut  and 
sound  today  as  when  the  stone  was  first  set  in  the  wall, 
j Many  old  buildings,  having  outlived  their  usefulness, 
i have  been  torn  down,  the  stone  removed  to  a new  loca- 
l tion,  re-cut  and  used  a second  time,  which  is  another 
l Pro°f  that  the  stone  is  durable  beyond  question. 

1 lie  severest  test  that  can  be  applied  to  stone  to 
determine  its  durability  is  where  it  is  used  for  street 
curbing,  as  it  is  constantly  subjected  to  the  moisture 
and  acids  from  the  soil  and  pavement  refuse  and  dur- 
ing the  winter  months  to  a continuous  freezing  and 
thawing  process. 


TURNED  BALUSTERS 


How  to  Use  “Buckeye”  Gray  Sandstone. 

Many  a fine  stone  job  has  been  ruined  due  to  vari- 
ous causes  before  and  after  the  stone  arrives  at  the  site. 
There  are  a few  set  rules  which,  if  strictly  adhered 
to,  will  insure  an  attractive  stone  job,  to  wit : 

(1)  Design  the  stonework,  as  far  as  practicable, 
so  that  the  rain  water  will  drain  off  and  not  run  over 
the  face  of  the  stone.  This  is  exceedingly  important 
at  porticos,  port-cocheres,  porches  and  other  such  fea- 
tures. Provide  drips  on  all  projecting  stones. 

(2)  Keep  the  stone  clean  until  it  is  set.  (This  is 
very  important.) 

(3)  Waterproof  the  first  course  at  grade,  both  top 
and  bottom  beds,  also  waterproof  the  back  of  parapet 
walls. 

(4)  Good  setting.  Employ  experienced  stoneset- 
ters  only. 


Service  Bureau. 

Expert  information  and  data  relating  to  the  use, 
cost,  handling,  setting,  etc.,  of  “Buckeye  Gray”  sand- 
stone ; samples ; suggested  specifications  and  general 
information  gladly  furnished  gratis. 

Send  plans  for  cut  stone  figures  and  we  will  secure 
them  from  reliable  cut  stone  contractors  who  make  a 
specialty  of  cutting  “Buckeye  Gray”  sandstone. 


PLANED  .MOULDINGS 


ctq  cr: 


AVERY  LIBRARY 
COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


